{"id":7423,"date":"2026-04-13T17:58:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T15:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adrienbrun.com\/from-this-side-of-negligence\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T20:38:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T18:38:11","slug":"blog-from-this-side-of-negligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adrienbrun.com\/en\/blog-from-this-side-of-negligence\/","title":{"rendered":"From this side of negligence"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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This observation will stay between me and her. Her the White-backed Woodpecker in front me or her the forest I kneeled in to draw? Both. Both rare, both disappearing, threatened, and hidden from the world. Their inaccessibility and their remoteness have so far saved them, along with our ignorance. A state of things ever more unstable, ever more temporary in our growing world. It would not need much for them to follow the fate of their fellow woodpeckers and forests and to be gone.<\/p>\n

Once widespread in all Fennoscandia, the White-backed Woodpecker has suffered a dramatic decline for the last eighty years, following the course of disappearance of the old deciduous forests, its habitat. Less old trees, less dead wood, smaller patches, more planted forest, more drainage, more coniferous trees. Everything needed to leave, for example, the entire population of Sweden to only three breeding pairs in 2015. Six birds somewhere in central Sweden, holding the survival of their entire species in this country.<\/p>\n

In Western Norway, the situation is different and the female I painted is part of one of the last viable populations in western Europe, along with Latvia, due to \u201ctopographic and hydrological conditions, as we<\/i>l<\/i>l as lack of forest management<\/i>\u201d, to quote this scientific article from 2015 dedicated to the situation of this species in Sweden (1). In other words, these populations survived so far because they live in difficult terrains, like the one I was in, which makes it impossible or non-profitable for forestry or any other economical activity. They talk about a \u201clack<\/i>\u201c of forest management. We did not decide to save this old forest or to protect the White-backed Woodpecker, our negligence did. The last bits of true wilderness are often to be found in the harshest and most inaccessible areas, where there was not much for us to do, at least for now. If Norway was as flat as Sweden, wouldn\u2019t we have already reached the three remaining pairs of White-backed Woodpecker?<\/p>\n

But Sweden was not as lucky as Norway with its geography and their negligence did not save the woodpecker, on the contrary, it killed it, almost to the last one. However, as much as the population decline did not trigger any response, it\u2019s near extinction was a wake-up call, especially since another species of Woodpecker recently disappeared, namely, the Middle-spotted Woodpecker, extinct in Sweden in 1982. Necessity makes every choice simpler, clearer. Stopping the decline might have offered only blurry prospects and goals, not being sure about when less woodpeckers becomes too few, and wondering when to stop the decline and at what levels and at what cost, what compromises to accept or not. But saving them from extinction when only three pairs are left is a call for emergency with an easy obvious criteria: either they are still here, either they are not. A life or death situation that makes these stories of species re-discovery or reintroduction so popular and fascinating to us. The kind of stories that triggered a rescue project.<\/p>\n

The White-backed Woodpecker was then designated as an umbrella species<\/i> (3), <\/i>a concept in conservation biology in which by protecting a species, you aim at protecting its habitat and thus, indirectly, all the other species living in it. In our case, in order to protect the White-backed Woodpecker, you need to protect the old deciduous forests, which leads automatically to the protection of the 250 threatened species of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, fungi, vertebrates and insects that has been discovered to share the same habitat. On top of that, this woodpecker is also considered a flagship species<\/i>, because it helps raising awareness and conservation support about the situation of old deciduous forests.<\/p>\n

So in 2002, a restocking program was launched, a critical emergency measure for a critical situation. I was actually surprised to discover while preparing this article that a captivity breeding program and release in the wild have been going on for more than twenty-years now. Young White-backed Woodpeckers were captured from nests in western Norway and Latvia (the viable populations), hand-fed, and then either settled in aviaries to reproduce (which took years of trials and errors but eventually worked) or released in the wild directly, in a restored habitat. Another strategy used the first five years has been to put them in Great-spotted Woodpeckers nests to be raised and fledged by this other species. It did work but none of them were found to be established as a breeding pair in the wild afterwards. How interesting. There is a whole other article lying here imagining the reasons why. Didn\u2019t they get the codes to communicate with their own species? were they strangers to the other White-backed Woodpecker? Did they try, or were they gravitating more towards Greater-spotted Woodpeckers, their foster family?<\/p>\n

This restocking was implemented along with habitat restoration measures and a lot of scientific research in order to understand better the bird biology, the detailed characteristics of its habitat and how to better manage the forests. Feeding was supplemented by putting empty branches filled with insects on the trees. Spruces were cut to offer a better habitat and to decrease the likelihood of woodpeckers predators. Birch trees were ring-barked (cutting off a stripe of bark to kill the tree without it falling) to favour standing dead wood and the beetles the woodpecker is feeding on.<\/p>\n

In the end, the White-backed Woodpecker did not indeed go extinct in Sweden. Twenty-one years after the start of the rescue project, in 2023, there were 11 nesting pairs found in the whole country. Eleven. It doesn\u2019t sound like much, and it is not. A very slow progress because relying on very slow processes. Despite all efforts, in the end, the life of this bird is linked to old forest, and to be old, a forest needs to age, there is no going around it. Time is the best solution and recreating the work of centuries in a few years, as straightforward as it can first seem, is almost impossible. They have created dead wood but it is such a complex matter. The dead wood decayed too fast, or didn\u2019t have the right size or the right variety of sizes, or will not provide a future continuous amount of dead wood for decades to come. And by killing these trees you should try not to compromise the forest in the present days. They have removed the coniferous species but young ones are already growing again as soon as the efforts stop.<\/p>\n

As this researcher put it in the conclusion of a study from 2023 assessing the success of the conservation efforts: \u201conly partial restoration is achieved<\/i>, [\u2026] for restoration to be successful both continuous and repeated conservation efforts are needed<\/i>\u201d (2).<\/p>\n

So was it worth it? Was it worth waiting decades of obvious decline and have to try to recreate, last minute, an entire multi-centenarian ecosystem that was there in the first place? Waiting to act out of necessity when we could have acted out of desire? the desire to live alongside majestic old forests, alongside the White-backed Woodpecker and all the other species under the umbrella?<\/p>\n

But do we even know where this desire would stem from? I often doubt it. Why protect the woodpecker? Because it is an umbrella species, by protecting it we protect this type of ecosystem and all the species into it. Why protect these other species? because they are necessary for the well being of this forest. Why protect this old forests? Because they are the home of endangered species like the White-backed Woodpecker. Then why protect the woodpecker?… Vicious circle. Does each of this parties looses its values in favour of another one, without any value of its own? There lies the key question of conservation and I leave it to your thoughts for today.<\/p>\n

For now, this observation will stay between me and them (the woodpecker and the forest), here, hidden, me sketching behind my telescope, wet knees sinking into peat, surrounded by silence, stillness but the movements of this female jumping from trees to trees, old trees, old deciduous trees, in this difficult terrain, hoping for now to stay on this side of negligence, and waiting for care and real understanding of our need for wilderness to take over.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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(1) Stigh\u00e4ll, K. (2015): Habitat composition and restocking for conservation of the white-backed woodpecker in Sweden. \u00d6rebro Studies in Life Science<\/i> 14.<\/p>\n

(2) Ekstr\u00f6m, AL., Hj\u00eblten, J., L\u00f6froth, T. (2023). A decadal study reevals that restoration guided by an umbrella species does not reach target levels. Journal of Applied Ecology<\/i>, 61, 513-525.<\/p>\n

(3) Angeleri, R., Kormann, U.G., Roth, N., Ettwein, A., Pasinelli, G., Arlettaz,R., Lachat, T. (2024). The White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos) as an umbrella species for threatened saproxylic beetle communities in Central European beech forests. Ecological Indicators<\/i>, 167, 112632.<\/p>\n

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This observation will stay between me and her. Her the White-backed Woodpecker in front me or her the forest I kneeled in to draw? Both. Both rare, both disappearing, threatened, and hidden from the world. Their inaccessibility and their remoteness have so far saved them, along with our ignorance. A state of things ever more […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[65],"yoast_head":"\nFrom this side of negligence - Adrien\u00a0Brun\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.adrienbrun.com\/en\/blog-from-this-side-of-negligence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From this side of negligence - Adrien\u00a0Brun\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This observation will stay between me and her. Her the White-backed Woodpecker in front me or her the forest I kneeled in to draw? Both. 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Her the White-backed Woodpecker in front me or her the forest I kneeled in to draw? Both. Both rare, both disappearing, threatened, and hidden from the world. Their inaccessibility and their remoteness have so far saved them, along with our ignorance. 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